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Medical remedies in the Middle Ages and Antiquity were the product of good practical knowledge of medicinal plants. Therefore, many medical schools had their own gardens so that fresh herbs (dried in winter) were always on hand. Likewise, gardens had their place in monasteries and hospitals.
In Bohemia the first secular pharmaco-botanical garden was established in 1341 by John of Luxembourg’s apothecary – Henricus Schwab. Expansive, aesthetically pleasing ornamental gardens came along only later.
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