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Windmills became prevalent in Europe between the 11th and 14th centuries. The most suitable environment for their construction was to be found in the foothills of mountains, on plains and in coastal landscapes, where strong winds abounded.
They were generally wooden post mills, standing on a characteristic conical trestle log base. They could rotate around the central stake to face into the wind. As a rule, the mill had four vanes - sails set in a rectangular cross mounted on the front wall of the building. As the wind pushed against them, they set wooden gear mechanisms in motion and transferred torque to the millstones, located on the first floor.
The disadvantage of windmills was their frequent need for repair and maintenance, and they were often struck by lightning. When operating, they vibrated intensely, which was neither pleasant nor safe for those working inside.
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